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The symptoms cannot be due to a medical condition, medication, or drugs or alcohol. A formal diagnosis of PTSD is made when the symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and/or occupational dysfunction for a period of at least one month. Traumas experienced may involve war, natural disasters, car accidents, sexual abuse and/or domestic violence. The exposure must involve directly experiencing the event, witnessing the event in person, learning of an actual or threatened death of a close family member or friend, or repeated first-hand, extreme exposure to the details of the event. Under DSM-5, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops in relation to an event which creates psychological trauma in response to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in autism spectrum disorder delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia worries about ill health or other harm befalling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder.DSM-5 Category: Trauma and Stressor-Related DisordersĭSM-5 has made a number of important changes to the criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder, the most significant being a more specific definition of the type and nature of the exposure to a threat. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder and, in adolescents and adults, is not better accounted for by panic disorder with agoraphobia.ĭ. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational), or other important areas of functioning.Į. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults.ĭ. The duration of the disturbance is at least 4 weeks.ī. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (such as headaches, stomachaches, nausea, or vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipatedī. Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separationĨ. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure.ħ. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure or to sleep away from homeĦ.
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Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings.Ħ. Persistently and excessively fearful or reluctant to be alone or without major attachment figures at home or without significant adults in other settingsĥ. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation.ĥ. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go to school or elsewhere because of fear of separationĤ. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure.Ĥ. Persistent and excessive worry that an untoward event will lead to separation from a major attachment figure (e.g., getting lost or being kidnapped)ģ. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.ģ. Persistent and excessive worry about losing, or about possible harm befalling, major attachment figuresĢ. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures.Ģ.
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Recurrent excessive distress when separation from home or major attachment figures occurs or is anticipatedġ. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following:ġ. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by three or more of the following:Ī. Disorder Class: Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, and AdolescenceĪ.